Sex Disparities in Risk of Mortality Among Children With ESRD

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The feasibility of the draw-and-write technique in exploring the resilience of children orphaned by AIDS

Worldwide, researchers routinely study children indirectly through adults who act as proxies for such children. The call for researchers to rather study children directly and adopt less intrusive child-friendly methodologies has become louder. The draw-and-write technique is regarded as a less intrusive child-friendly method of collecting data that can be used for this purpose. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study that sought to establish the feasibility of the draw-and-write technique in exploring the resilience of children orphaned by AIDS. This study involved a convenience sample of 23 IsiXhosa-speaking orphaned children aged from 13 to 17. The participants were in grades 6 to 10 and they resided in two child and youth care centres in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. As part of the draw-and-write technique the participants were asked to make drawings of what enabled them to cope with their lives and to write short narratives in which they explained their drawings. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse the data and this process yielded two main themes, namely: personal protective resources and socio-ecological protective resources. The findings show that complex combinations of personal and socio-ecological resilience resources enabled the resilience of the orphaned children. The findings challenge researchers not to be oblivious to alternative child-friendly methods of research such as the draw-and-write technique when young people are the unit of analysis. The findings of this study have implications for research as well as practice in the field of education and psychology.     

功能性构音障碍儿童智力结构分析

目的 了解功能性构音障碍儿童智力结构的发育情况,为其认知功能的全面康复探索依据。方法 选择2017年1—7月就诊于大连市儿童医院儿童保健科确诊为功能性构音障碍儿童与正常儿童各30例,分别进行Peabody图片词汇测验和0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表测试。比较两组的言语智商和发育总商值及大运动、精细运动、适应能力、语言和社交行为能力的发育水平。结果 功能性构音障碍儿童精细动作和适应性行为、语言能力的发育均低于正常对照组(t=5.241、4.100、3.256,P<0.05)。大运动和社交行为发展与正常对照组一致(t=1.594、2.058,P>0.05)。其自身5项能力比较,精细动作和适应性行为的发展也落后于大运动和社交能力,差异具有统计学意义(t=-2.847、-2.794、-4.268、-2.398,P<0.05)。结论 功能性构音障碍儿童存在智力结构发展的不平衡,有必要尽早对其进行发育水平的评估以利于其全面、整体的康复。